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Meds That Treat Anxiety

Anxiety affects 40 million people in the United States. Many types of medications are available to treat it.

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), like Zoloft, Prozac, Lexapro and Effexor, work to alleviate anxiety by raising levels of the chemical serotonin in the brain. Contrary to benzodiazepines they're not addictive.

SSRIs

The most commonly used anxiety medications are selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which include citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro) and fluoxetine (Prozac). These medications also help with depression, and can help relieve the symptoms of other anxiety disorders, like obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It can take up one month for them to begin working.

They work by increasing the amount of certain chemical transmitters that are present in the brain. This includes serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. These medications are typically the first choice to treat anxiety, though doctors may also prescribe other types of antidepressants, also known as benzodiazepines.

Antidepressants such as duloxetine, (Cymbalta), and venlafaxine (Effexor) are also used for anxiety. They are a bit different from SSRIs because they decrease norepinephrine but at a lower level than SSRIs. They may take some time to take effect, and they also are more expensive than SSRIs.

Tricyclic antidepressants like imipramine Tofranil, can be effective in treating anxiety disorders. However their drowsiness and other adverse reactions are what make them less popular. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a different kind of antidepressant that can be used to treat anxiety. Their high risk of toxicity and the restriction on dietary intake limit their use.

Benzodiazepines are often used to treat panic attacks and anxiety and panic attacks treatment in the short-term for instance, when waiting for SSRIs or SNRIs to take effect. These drugs can trigger tolerance, sedation and addiction and withdrawal reactions that can cause rebound depression, anxiety, and even delusions. Common benzodiazepines include alprazolam (Xanax) as well as Clonazepam (Klonopin) and lorazepam (Ativan).

Therapy is an important part of the treatment for anxiety, as it helps you discover more about the symptoms and the root causes. Many people discover that both therapy and medication help to manage anxiety. In fact, some studies suggest that cognitive therapy is just as effective as medication for anxiety. Speak to your doctor to find out what's right for you.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines have a calming affect they reduce anxiety and relax muscles that are tight. They also relieve symptoms of bodily stimulation related to fear (like heart rate, trembling or shaking) and encourage sleep.

They function by binding to inhibitory neurons, like GABA or gamma aminobutryic acid at receptors in the central nervous system. They enhance GABA's effects by facilitating the inhibitory effect of GABA on other neurotransmitters, and reducing the number of messages that are sent to the amygdala. It is a part of the brain which assesses threats and produces a feeling of anxiety.

These medications can be used for short periods of time for instance, when you experience a panic attack or if you are experiencing severe anxiety. They may help relieve symptoms within 30 to 90 minutes of taking them. Benzodiazepines are, in contrast to SSRIs don't stay in the body for long. They're quick-acting and typically work in a matter of hours, which makes them ideal for situations when quick relief is needed (like on a plane flight or before giving an event in public).

As they can be addictive, people are usually only prescribed them up to four weeks at a go. They also lose their effectiveness after a period of time.

One of the reasons why the benzodiazepines became so well-known is that they worked and had few side effects when compared with their predecessors, like meprobamate or barbiturates. They are efficient and have a rapid start, and can be used as anxiolytics to reduce anxiety. They can also be employed as sedatives, anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants.

Benzos were blamed for the negative attitudes towards anxiety that were developed during the 1970s and 80s and included the denial of the disorder, as well as the perception that benzodiazepine treatments lead to physical dependence. Despite this they play a crucial role in the treatment of anxiety disorders, especially in conjunction with psychosocial interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy.

Benzos can interact with other medications and cause undesirable side-effects such as drowsiness, confusion or drowsiness. You should tell your doctor about any prescription, nonprescription, or herbal medicines you currently use or plan to take. You can determine which medications are safe to take along with benzodiazepines by checking the British National Formulary A-Z list of drug interactions.

Antidepressants

Antidepressants are effective in treating anxiety and other mental disorders. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, antidepressants -- like SSRIs and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) -- can help reduce chronic anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorders and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The FDA has approved several antidepressants to treat other health ailments, too, such as eating disorders, certain kinds of pain and bipolar disorder.

SSRIs are usually prescribed as a first-line treatment option for anxiety by doctors, but they might not work for all people. If these antidepressants aren't working doctors may suggest an older version known as a tetracyclic, or tricyclic antidepressant. These include amitriptyline or nortriptyline and clomipramine. These antidepressants are less common but they are still readily available. Your doctor can also prescribe the antidepressant with a sedating effect, Trazodone (Desyrel) in lower doses to treat anxiety or insomnia.

Nefazodone, also referred to as Ferdinand (Cymbalta) and duloxetine are also helpful. These medications are also available in generic forms. If they don't work your doctor, he may suggest the antipsychotics quetiapine and olanzapine or the tranquilizing antidepressant Mirtazapine.

Beta blockers are used to treat anxiety disorders. They lower heart rate and blood pressure by blocking adrenaline. These drugs aren't usually used to treat anxiety by themselves however they can be beneficial when paired with psychological therapy.

Psychotherapy can help you change negative thoughts and behavior that cause anxiety. It can teach you to manage your anxiety and develop how to cope. Based on the severity of your condition exposure therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy may be recommended. Cognitive behavioural therapy teaches you to overcome unhelpful and fearful thoughts, and overcome your avoidance of situations which trigger anxiety. Exposure therapy involves increasing the anxiety provoking situations until they can be managed. It can be performed in a group or individually. In both cases, it takes time to show results. Some people find that a combination of psychotherapy and medication is the best natural treatment for anxiety option. Others discover that medications alone are enough to manage their symptoms. Inform your doctor about how you manage your symptoms.

Other Medical Treatments

Although benzodiazepines and antidepressants are the most frequently prescribed treatments for anxiety, other drugs to treat anxiety can ease your symptoms too. Beta blockers and antihistamines are sometimes prescribed to relieve anxiety treatment without medicine.

These medications can help ease your symptoms, by lowering or blocking the signals that trigger stress and fear. They're not a cure-all. You'll still have to do other things to manage your anxiety, including exercises or relaxation techniques, as well as psychotherapy.

Your doctor may first prescribe one of the "first choices" anxiety treatment natural medications, which are SSRIs and SNRIs. According to research, these medications are the most effective for treating anxiety disorders. SSRIs are commonly found in sertraline (Zoloft), Citropram, fluoxetine, and escitalopram. These drugs may cause minor side effects, like insomnia or nausea, however they typically disappear within 4-8 weeks. Unlike the benzodiazepines, they're not addictive and won't increase the risk of suicidal ideas.

The benzodiazepines, alprazolam, diazepoxide, and clonazepam (Valium) offer immediate relief from panic and anxiety attacks. However, they may cause side effects, such as drowsiness and dizziness. They can also cause memory and coordination issues, and may even cause dependence. These drugs are less popular than older barbiturates but are equally effective.

Antihistamines, such as Vistaril (hydroxyzine), were developed to relieve allergies, but they're also sometimes used to reduce anxiety symptoms. Hydroxyzine can have a calming affect by blocking histamine receptors. It is not a controlled drug and therefore does not have the same addiction risks as benzodiazepines.

Anticonvulsants are an additional type of medication which can help with anxiety. They have been shown to decrease vagus nerve Anxiety treatment by inhibiting the production of and release of dopamine as well as sérotonin. These medications may be prescribed as a part of a combination therapy or used to treat anxiety in the short-term. Your doctor will examine your health history and symptoms to determine if these medications are appropriate for you. They will also discuss the length of time you'll need these medicines and any potential side effects that may occur. Anxiety medication is only available through prescription, so a psychiatrist will be required to prescribe it.