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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the concept that natural processes can cause organisms to develop over time. This includes the development of new species and the transformation of the appearance of existing species.

A variety of examples have been provided of this, including various kinds of stickleback fish that can be found in salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect varieties that are attracted to particular host plants. These reversible traits are not able to explain fundamental changes to the basic body plan.

Evolution by Natural Selection

The development of the myriad of living organisms on Earth is an enigma that has intrigued scientists for many centuries. The most widely accepted explanation is Darwin's natural selection process, which occurs when better-adapted individuals survive and reproduce more successfully than those that are less well adapted. Over time, the population of well-adapted individuals grows and eventually creates an entirely new species.

Natural selection is a cyclical process that is characterized by the interaction of three factors: variation, inheritance and reproduction. Sexual reproduction and 에볼루션 코리아 mutation increase the genetic diversity of an animal species. Inheritance refers the transmission of a person's genetic characteristics, which includes both dominant and recessive genes to their offspring. Reproduction is the process of producing fertile, viable offspring which includes both sexual and asexual methods.

All of these factors have to be in equilibrium for natural selection to occur. If, for instance, a dominant gene allele makes an organism reproduce and live longer than the recessive gene allele The dominant allele is more common in a population. If the allele confers a negative advantage to survival or lowers the fertility of the population, it will disappear. The process is self-reinforced, meaning that an organism with a beneficial trait is more likely to survive and reproduce than one with an inadaptive characteristic. The more offspring an organism produces the more fit it is which is measured by its capacity to reproduce itself and live. People with desirable traits, like having a longer neck in giraffes, or bright white patterns of color in male peacocks, are more likely to survive and 에볼루션 룰렛사이트, 24-spec.ru, produce offspring, and 에볼루션 사이트 thus will make up the majority of the population in the future.

Natural selection only acts on populations, not individuals. This is a major distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution, which states that animals acquire traits either through use or lack of use. For 에볼루션 게이밍 example, if a giraffe's neck gets longer through stretching to reach prey and its offspring will inherit a more long neck. The difference in neck size between generations will continue to increase until the giraffe becomes unable to reproduce with other giraffes.

Evolution through Genetic Drift

In the process of genetic drift, alleles of a gene could be at different frequencies within a population due to random events. In the end, one will attain fixation (become so common that it can no longer be eliminated through natural selection), while other alleles fall to lower frequencies. In the extreme it can lead to one allele dominance. Other alleles have been virtually eliminated and heterozygosity decreased to zero. In a small group, this could lead to the total elimination of the recessive allele. Such a scenario would be known as a bottleneck effect and it is typical of evolutionary process when a large amount of individuals migrate to form a new group.

A phenotypic bottleneck may also occur when the survivors of a catastrophe like an outbreak or a mass hunting event are concentrated in the same area. The surviving individuals will be mostly homozygous for the dominant allele, which means they will all share the same phenotype and thus have the same fitness characteristics. This may be the result of a conflict, earthquake or even a cholera outbreak. The genetically distinct population, if it is left susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a departure from the expected values due to differences in fitness. They give a famous instance of twins who are genetically identical, have the exact same phenotype but one is struck by lightning and dies, 에볼루션 게이밍 whereas the other lives and reproduces.

This type of drift can play a significant part in the evolution of an organism. However, 무료에볼루션 it's not the only way to develop. Natural selection is the main alternative, where mutations and migration keep the phenotypic diversity of a population.

Stephens asserts that there is a huge difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as an actual cause or force, 에볼루션 게이밍 and considering other causes, such as migration and selection as causes and forces. Stephens claims that a causal process account of drift allows us distinguish it from other forces and this distinction is essential. He further argues that drift has both an orientation, i.e., it tends towards eliminating heterozygosity. It also has a size, that is determined by population size.

Evolution through Lamarckism

Students of biology in high school are often introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lemarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, also called "Lamarckism, states that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms by inheriting characteristics that are a product of the use and abuse of an organism. Lamarckism can be demonstrated by an giraffe's neck stretching to reach higher leaves in the trees. This could cause giraffes to give their longer necks to offspring, who then get taller.

Lamarck Lamarck, a French zoologist, presented a revolutionary concept in his 17 May 1802 opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged traditional thinking about organic transformation. In his opinion, living things had evolved from inanimate matter through an escalating series of steps. Lamarck was not the first to make this claim but he was regarded as the first to give the subject a comprehensive and general overview.

The most popular story is that Lamarckism was an opponent to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and that the two theories battled each other in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually won and led to the creation of what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The Modern Synthesis theory denies that traits acquired through evolution can be inherited, and instead argues that organisms evolve through the action of environmental factors, like natural selection.

Although Lamarck supported the notion of inheritance through acquired characters and his contemporaries paid lip-service to this notion, it was never a central element in any of their evolutionary theorizing. This is largely due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.

But it is now more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age of genomics there is a vast amount of evidence to support the possibility of inheritance of acquired traits. This is referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more commonly epigenetic inheritance. It is a version of evolution that is as relevant as the more popular neo-Darwinian model.

Evolution through the process of adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a type of struggle for survival. In reality, this notion misrepresents natural selection and ignores the other forces that are driving evolution. The fight for survival is better described as a fight to survive in a specific environment. This can include not only other organisms, but also the physical environment.

Understanding the concept of adaptation is crucial to comprehend evolution. The term "adaptation" refers to any characteristic that allows a living organism to live in its environment and reproduce. It could be a physiological feature, such as feathers or fur or a behavioral characteristic like moving to the shade during the heat or leaving at night to avoid the cold.

The capacity of a living thing to extract energy from its environment and interact with other organisms and their physical environment, is crucial to its survival. The organism must possess the right genes to create offspring, and it must be able to find sufficient food and other resources. Furthermore, the organism needs to be able to reproduce itself at an optimal rate within its environment.

These factors, together with gene flow and mutation result in an alteration in the percentage of alleles (different types of a gene) in the gene pool of a population. Over time, this change in allele frequency can result in the emergence of new traits and ultimately new species.

A lot of the traits we appreciate in plants and animals are adaptations. For example the lungs or gills which draw oxygen from air feathers and fur for insulation long legs to run away from predators and camouflage to conceal. However, a proper understanding of adaptation requires attention to the distinction between behavioral and physiological traits.

Physical characteristics like thick fur and gills are physical traits. Behavior adaptations aren't like the tendency of animals to seek companionship or move into the shade during hot temperatures. Furthermore, it is important to note that lack of planning does not make something an adaptation. In fact, a failure to consider the consequences of a choice can render it unadaptable even though it may appear to be logical or even necessary.