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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different types of plants produce distinct flavors. Find out more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica that is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity, tarter flavor profile and are often utilized in coffee blends for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica cafe coffee beans beans account for 75% of the world's production. Arabica beans are sweeter and milder in flavor than Robusta and come in a variety of flavor profiles. The taste and aroma components of a cup of coffee can differ widely depending on the growing conditions and methods of processing employed to make it.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds which grow in bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized after eating berries. The cultivation of coffee quickly spread across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and thrive with cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the reasons that Arabica is regarded as the best-tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee roasters and shops are focused on finding their arabica beans in a sustainable manner and focusing on fair pay for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees that are suitable for many brewing methods. Blending is a way to control the flavour, aroma as well as body and acidity of the coffee and is often preferred in order to achieve an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most common type of coffee bean grown across the globe. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against diseases and pests. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are antioxidants naturally found in. However, these acids could cause oxidation during the coffee beans types brewing process and may produce undesirable flavors.

The plant is more durable than the arabica and is able to be grown in less favorable climates. It can withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, which makes it a cost-effective crop to cultivate.

Although it might sound odd however, arabica and robusta beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya on a bag of coffee it's likely there's some robusta in there as well.

Most roasters employ a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs and preserve quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor you must select an excellent bean from a reliable source. The best method to do this is to buy coffee beans near me your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped which distinguishes them from other coffee bean varieties. They have a smell that is fruity, floral and smoky. They are added to other types of coffee beans to give them a more rounded and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They can be grown at low altitudes and can withstand hot, humid climates. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for home-growing. You can purchase seeds online from many sources, but it's recommended to purchase from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee plants are fertile, deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH as well as adequate annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa which was previously considered a distinct species, but was re-classified as an alternative to Liberica. These oval-shaped coffee beans are grown on large coffee plants that range from 20 to 30 feet in height at medium altitudes. They have a distinct flavor that is both fruity and tart which makes them a popular selection in blends for house. They have a less pronounced scent and a lower caffeine levels than Arabica or Robusta however they have a distinct flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa Top 10 coffee Beans beans aren't as well-known as Arabica and Robusta, yet they're the fourth most popular. In fact they were considered to be an individual species of coffee plant until 2006 when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. These days, they're mostly grown in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. The beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape, and an intriguing dark flavor. They're typically used in blends to add extra body and a rich, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are renowned for their sweeter taste. They thrive at higher altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They also have a bit of acidity. When roasted and brewed correctly, they can have notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is an almost identical choice to Arabica and accounts for around 40% of the world's coffee. These beans are rounder and smaller, but contain twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have earthy and woody overtones.

After learning about the four most commonly used types and their characteristics, it's time to select the best brew. If you prefer smooth and delicate flavors go for an arabica bean or a blend made up of robusta beans and arabica beans.